Key Concepts: Calculating pH and pOH using Log

Core Definitions

• pH Formula: pH = −log[H⁺], where [H⁺] is the molar concentration of hydrogen ions.
• pOH Formula: pOH = −log[OH⁻], where [OH⁻] is the molar concentration of hydroxide ions.
• Reverse Calculation: [H⁺] = 10⁻ᵖᴴ and [OH⁻] = 10⁻ᵖᴼᴴ.
• Key Relationship: pH + pOH = 14; [H⁺] × [OH⁻] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C.